Quantum computing is a very complex technique, with many technical obstacles that affect its development. From these challenges, two important issues are highlighted: miniaturization and Qubit quality.
IBM has adopted a super -ranging road map to reach the 1121 kuba processor by 2023, which leads to expecting 1000 Qubits with the Qubit shape factor today possible. However, current styles will require very large chips (50 millimeters on the side, or larger) on the scale of small chips, or use numbers on multiple units. Although this approach will work, the goal is to achieve a better way towards expansion.
Now researchers in The Massachusetts Institute of Technology has managed to reduce the size of Qubits I did this in a way that reduces the overlap between the neighboring Qubits. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have increased the super -Qubits number that can be added to a 100 -factor.
“We address the quality of quality and quality.” William OliverExit for Quantum engineering center At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Unlike the traditional transistor scaling, where only the number does not matter, for Qubits, the large numbers are not enough, and it should also be highly performance. Sacrifice of Qube’s performance is not a useful trade in quantum computing. You must go side by side.”
The key to this significant increase in Qubit density and reducing overlap is due to the use of two -dimensional materials, especially NITRIDE NITRIDE, two -dimensional buffer (HBN). Researchers have shown the Massachusetts Institute of Technology that some HBN atomic atoms to form a condensate from the super -Qubit capacitors can be stacked.
Just like other capacitors, condensate in these highly connected circles take a sandwich form in which a buffer material is caused between two metal plates. The big difference of these capacitors is that the super-conductive circles can only work at very low temperatures-less than 0.02 degrees above absolute zero (-273.15 ° C).
The super lids are measured at low temperatures of up to 20 milliculin in the dilution refrigerator.Nathan hunting/mine
In that environment, the available insulating materials, such as Silicide PE-CVD or silicon nitride, contains a few defects that are very light for quantum computing applications. To overcome these shortcomings, most supernatural circles use the so -called Coplaanar capacitors. In these capacitors, the panels are placed horizontally for each other, not on top of each other.
As a result, the essential silicone substrate below the paintings and to a smaller limit, the void above the panels is an intense insulation. The essential silicone is chemically pure and thus contains a few defects, and the large size relieves the electric field in the plate’s facades, all of which lead to a low -loss condenser. The side size of each plate ends in this open design until it is very large (usually 100 per micrometer) in order to achieve the required capacity.
In an attempt to stay away from the large side composition, researchers of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology began searching for a very few flaws and compatible with extensive intensive paintings.
“We have chosen a HBN study because it is the most used insulator in the research of two -dimensional materials due to its cleanliness and chemical closing,” said Colad author Joel WangA research world in the engineering quantum system for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Institute.
On both sides of HBN, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology used the super -conductive material, Niobium Diselenide. One of the most condenser manufacturing was working with Niobium Diselenide, who is oxidized in seconds when exposed to air, according to Wang. This requires that the condenser assembly occur in a glove filled with argon gas.
While this apparently holds the expansion of the production of these capacitors, Wang is not a specific factor.
Wang said: “What determines the capacitor’s quality factor is the two facades.” “Once the sandwiches are made, the two facials are” sealed “and we do not see any noticeable deterioration over time when exposed to the atmosphere.
This lack of deterioration is due to the fact that about 90 percent of the electric field exists inside the Sindwish structure, and therefore the oxidation of the outer surface of the misfortune of niobium no longer plays an important role. This ultimately makes the capacitor’s fingerprint much smaller, and it explains a decrease in the interruption between neighboring Qubits.
“The main challenge to expand manufacturing is the growth scale of HBN and 2D, high conductors like [niobium diselenide]”How can one do the scale of these films,” added Wang.
Wang believes that this research has shown HBN to be a good candidate for ultra -connecting connections. The foundation of the Massachusetts Institute Technology team will be a road map for the use of other hybrids to build ultra -connecting circles.