What made the horses midwife

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WHumans began charging through plains and mountains on the back of elegant horses, as it changed the course of history. The oldest final evidence of equestrian dates back to 4000 years: in the Ural Mountains in Russia, archaeologists have discovered the remains of the jar and vehicles. But some scientists say that humans have begun to rely on horses to transport them thousands of years away from this, in European steps near the Black Sea.

Regardless of the time of the emergence of this human association for the first time, the participation of culture, language and trade quickly encouraged people from distant lands, agriculture and wars.

A team of researchers from France, China and Switzerland now says they have identified the genes specified in horse breeds that may be able to start taming and installing these muscle animals. The genes that he identified began to appear about 5,000 years ago, participate in the mood, movement and the way the bodies of horses are formed. The researchers published results In the magazine sciences.

Understanding the development of horses helps us to understand ourselves.

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“These genetic changes of horses allowed to become mitigible and fast movement, which transformed human societies by accelerating transportation, war and cultural exchange,” says the lead author in France in France. “In short, genetics participated in horses and human social development in the process of reinforcing mutual.”

Leo and his colleagues analyzed the old DNA collected from archaeological sites, Follow how genetic signs associated with features 266 changed during the period when humans were raised. One pair of genes known as the name GSDMC and Zfpm1 It also appears in other animals, such as mice, which helped researchers to isolate and monitor the effects of genes. GSDMC They found that it is linked to the autopsy, motor coordination and strength in mice Zfpm1 It is associated with anxiety and learning.

William Taylor, an archaeological scientist at the University of Colorado Boldar, who did not participate in the study, said that understanding the development of horses helps us to understand ourselves.

Taylor wrote in an e -mail: “I think this study shows very clearly that the domestication of horses was associated with it, and perhaps motivating it, the desire to transport horses,” Taylor wrote in an email: “The first horses to raise horses with a few things in mind, that is, their behavior – retreat and aggression – and their movement/transport roles.”

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Selective pressures of properties such as horse rises later appear in their genetic record, indicating Taylor that people who were earlier were not multiplying the colors of specific coat or other important features of contemporary passengers.

Taylor said: “These discoveries indicate that the transfer of early horses – which depends heavily on vehicle teams – may have been much different from the type of horse riding that we know today, with different values and different logistical services.”

Taylor also indicated that the results of the study indicate that humans had a little relationship with horses before 3000 BC and that in those early years, humans used them almost exclusively for transportation. “This is exciting, and we indicate a completely different understanding of horses more than the current situation.”

In connection point of viewAlso in sciencesLaurent Franz, who is studying zoopology and evolutionary raids at the University of Oxford, pointed to the impressive importance of the history of the first horse rider – and these small pieces of DNA defined by researchers.

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“Although the exact conditions and cultural identity of people responsible for this early and intense reproduction remain a mystery, they must have creativity, technology and necessary insight,” Franz writes. “What is certain is that these first cycles began a revolution that changed the world, which indicates how massive history currents can manage the smallest biological changes.”