The second Chromosome is not silent after all

The second Chromosome is not silent after all

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Women usually have X chromosomes (as shown here in the artist’s show), and one of them is disabled early in evolution.Credit: Cavalini James/BSIP/Alamy

The second second chromosome in female cells – which he previously believed to be “silent” – may be explained by the reason for women to live for a longer period and be more flexible in the cognitive retreat of men. In mice, the researchers found that aging stimulates the expression of “silent” chromosome in the cells in the hippocampus, which is an essential brain area for learning and memory. When they reinforced the expression of one of these genes in mature mice of both sexes, the perception of mice improved, as it was measured by exploring a maze.

Nature 5 minutes read

reference: Science progress paper

The bone tools discovered in Tanzania reveal that old humans have constantly used these tools at least a million years ago than we believed. The previous estimation was the first use of bone tools in about 400,000 years. The new results break this record, which dates back about 1.5 million years. Jackson Najo, the environment scientist, says that the utensils are made of elephants, the bones of the hippopotamus and the bones of cows, and may have been used in tasks such as butcher and drilling tubers.

Nature 4 minutes read

reference: nature paper

In mice, the activity of three types of neurons participate in the decision to continue a mission, explore new options, or surrender. The researchers designed the neurons genetically – which release GABA neurotransmitters, glutamate and serotonin – so that they can be turned on, stopped with light and put mice in a square with 20 uncommon objects. If the researchers suppress the nerve cells to launch GABA, the mice spent more time to investigate one object. The neurons associated with glutamate have stopped the mice store between things often, and if the cells producing serotonin are inhibited, mice completely lose attention.

Nature 5 minutes read

reference: nature paper

The algorithm of the machine can alert researchers to the imminent collision of two neutron stars, allowing researchers to monitor the collapse in actual time. The algorithm was trained to simulate the data collected by the Observatory of Gravita in the minutes that preceded a rare event called Kelunova-integrating two Nitron stars. The beta -betting algorithm will be able to tell astronomers that the collision is about to happen at a specific time and location in the sky, with 30 % accuracy of the current quick response techniques.

Nature 4 minutes read

reference: nature paper

85 %

The percentage of academics who said in a survey that if they are forced to choose, they prefer to cite an article published by a researcher accused of sexual harassment more than one accused of scientific fraud. However, these things may not actually be: the same study revealed that researchers accused of sexual misconduct are receiving less than citing after the media covers allegations, but the quotes of scientists publicly accused of scientific fraud have not changed. (Nature | 5 minutes read)

reference: Plos one sheet

Trump’s influence on the American flag

In an unprecedented step, the National Institutes of American Health (NIH) is collecting grants collectively for active projects that focus on people from sexual and sexual minorities (LGBT+), environmental justice, climate change and more. At least 16 ends – and hundreds of others are already sent, sources inside the National Health Institutes of Health were told nature. “For all this talk about freedom of expression, this direct control of scientific research,” says Lisa Vazio, a cognitive psychologist. This step may be illegal, as jurists say. The federal judge has already ordered the US government to stop trying to freeze federal scholarships, and forces the national health institutes legally to pay the funds allocated by Congress.

Nature 7 minutes read

During his confirmation session of the Director of the National Institutes of Health, a health economist, Jay Bahtasharia, distanced the disturbances caused by group shooting at the agency, and said that he is committed to ensuring that scientists have funding to do their work – although he was short in the details of how it would happen. Bhattacharlya has repeatedly emphasized the values ​​of the “scientific opposition”, saying that he is under “censorship” under his administration former President Joe Biden. Bhatertharia called for the “herd immunity” approach in the roaming epidemic – which the former director of the National Health Institutes Francis Collins said he would have cost hundreds of thousands of people.

Nature 6 minutes read

Note that is subject to messages

“The only way to win is to behave together, decisively and now. This is not training. It’s a crucial moment.”

The neurological glands call for Rebecca Calisi Rodriguez to higher education institutions to back down from the threats of the US Department of Education to withdraw federal funding from institutions that continue to manage the diversification, shares and integration, or erosion of risk decades of progress. (Nature | 5 minutes read)

The graph for the week

Forests in the Amazon affect the patterns of rain in both wet and dry seasons. In wet seasons, the heat is pushed from the land spots that have been cleared up to create an area of ​​low pressure (higher). This derives moisture from the neighboring areas, and increasing the rain on the ground that has been disinfected and reduced elsewhere. During the drought season, less moisture enters the atmosphere that reduces rainfall on a wide area (bottom). (Nature News & Views | 7 minutes read)

reference: nature paper

Today’s quote

Space pioneer Sony Williams, who has been living at the International Space Station over the past nine months, is reflected in what you will miss when you return to Earth this month. The Williams period at the station was only at eight days. ((BBC 2 minutes video))

Today I appreciate the Great Century – the Great Narwhal (Monoceros Monodon). The distinctive “century” of Narwhal (is actually very long, returns to prominent teeth) may seem threatened, but they do not use it to fight. Instead, scientists believe that they use them to evaluate their potential colleagues, sensation changes in their environment, and, It also revealed a new research, play. Using a drone, the researchers seized dodes that chase fish and use their tusks to push them in a specific direction. It is not my idea of ​​fun, but I am sure that those who were suffering from a ball.

Help us pushing this newsletter in the right direction by sending your notes to Briex@naure.com.

Thanks for reading,

Yaqoub Smith, co -editor

With Flora Graham contributions

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