The first full measurement of the black hole bounce, which was achieved thanks to gravity waves

A team of researchers, led by the Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE) of the University of Santiago de Combostila (Spain) measuring the speed and direction of the bounce of a newborn black hole that is formed by integrating two others. The result, which was published today in magazine Nature astronomyIt offers new visions in some of the most extreme events in the universe.

GWS waves are ripples in the tissue of time that moves away from their sources of light, and coding information about them. It provides a completely new information channel that allows us to monitor astronomical physical phenomena that do not emit light-such as black hole integration-and obtaining new information about the processes that do-such as superior mergers or neutron stars.

While Einstein predicted the presence of GWS in 1916, it is so weak that detection requires incredibly sensitive detector and very violent astronomical physical events such as the black the opening of the aperture, supernatural or Big Bang itself.

For this reason, it took a century to discover GWS for the first time, when the LIGO advanced detectors – expanded in Hanford (Washington) and Livingston (Louisiana) – in September 2015, were registered, GW150914 signal, from which the merger of two black holes with a length of about 30 points of the sun. Since then, nearly 300 such event has been recorded, allowing us to start exploring the population of black holes in our world and testing gravity in its most violent system.

Among the most dramatic results of the black hole integration processes is the black hole bounce. When two black openings merge, the black hole caused by unequal gravitational waves emit in different directions. This imbalance leads to “away” on the remains of “kicking” – sometimes at speeds of thousands of kilometers per second, quickly enough to escape from its host.

Now, after a decade of the first discovery of GWS, a small team of researchers from the University of Santiago de Combostila, at Pennsylvania State University, and the Chinese University in Hong Kong, measured the first black fans of the fans reached in 2019. A third monitoring period.

Black hole bounce measurement

The gravitational waves emitted in different directions look completely different, allowing us to understand where we are exactly about the source. Therefore, the signals vary greatly depending on the position of the observer in relation to the apostasy, which allows us to know its direction in relation to those specified by the source and the land. In addition, GR tells us the speed of reversion given the masses of the masses and the source courses. However, we can describe the complete retreat.

Professor Juan Calderon Postelo, IGFAE researcher and the leading author, explains with a music analogy: “The black opening mergers can be understood as an overlapping of different signals, just like consistent orchestra with a different set of machines that are played around.

The team concluded that the reflux of GW190412 remains exceeded 50 km/second – including the expulsion of the black hole from a spherical group – and determined the direction of the bounce in relation to the land, the tropical angular momentum of the system, and the two -second separation line.

“We went out this way in 2018,” said Calderon Postlo.

“Unfortunately, by that time, the advanced LIGO and Virgo did not discover a signal with” music from different tools “that could be able to measure the kick. However, we were sure that one of these disclosures should happen soon. It was very exciting to discover GW190412 after only one year, I noticed that the kick may be in fact measured in reality,” already. “

“This is one of the few phenomena in astronomical physics where we only discover anything-we rebuild the full-dimensional movement of something on billions of light years, using only ripples in space,” says Dr. Kostaf Chandra, post-PhD researcher in Pennsylvania.

What comes after that?

Measuring the direction of the black opening can open ways to study black integration processes with gravitational and electromagnetic signals.

“Includes black openings in dense environments can lead to detected electromagnetic signals-known as torches-where the remaining black hole crosses a dense environment like the nucleus of the active galaxy (AGN),” says Samson Lyong, a PhD student at Hong Kong University at the University of Hong Kong and his participation in the article.

“Since seeing the glow depends on the direction of the bounce in relation to the ground, the measuring the reversion will allow us to distinguish between the real GW-E sign that comes from BBH and only random coincidence.”