Before the weight coach Bella Barnes consults with new customers, you already know what they will say. Women are struggled with their weight naturally. But they do not want to lose the pounds. They want to win they.
Its customers find themselves very skinny, and they suffer. “Last week, I registered a customer wearing an arms that contains Boom platforms,” says Barnes, who lives in Great Britain. “I had another customer recently, in the summer, wearing three pairs of inner dress to try to make itself look a little larger.”
These women belong to a large -scale demographic group. The world also focuses on A billion obese citizensThere are still people on the other end of the spectrum of us, often painfully, but they don’t want to be. Researchers estimate that about 1.9 percent of the population is “fly on”, with 6.5 million of these people in the United States alone.
Thin individuals often eat constitutionally their peers and do not exercise hardly. However, their body mass index is less than 18.5-sometimes low up to 14, which translates to 72 lbs on a five-feet frame-and its weight does not easily increase. the condition “Real puzzle“Write the authors of a modern paper in Annual review of nutrition. They say constitutional thinness challenges “basic ideological knowledge about energy balance and metabolism.” It is also important: less than 50 clinical studies that looked at high constitutional people, compared to the thousands Unwanted weight gain.
Recently, researchers have begun to investigate the extent of the difference of thin bodies naturally. Scientists hope to open metabolic visions that will constitutionally help people with weight. Melina Bailey, a co -author of the recent review and a physiological researcher in Ame2P, a metabolic research laboratory at Clairemont Ayvirgen University in France, may also help work to gain weight in the loss, as it seems that the constitutional thinner is a “mirror model” of obesity.
Individuals who eat warmly were reported but incomprehensible to the first time in scientific literature in 1933. After decades, a teacher experience in 1990 showed how people deeply differ in organizing their weight.
Twelve pairs of identical twins are fed 1,000 of the surplus of calories for six days a week. Three months after this feeding – the equivalent of an additional Big Mac and medium potato daily – Young people gained approximately 18 lbs, and most of them were fatBut in a large scale: one gained approximately 30 lbs and less than 10. The latter has somehow spread about 60 percent of the additional energy.
The study also found that the variation of weight gain was three times larger between double pairs from within it – which indicates a genetic effect on the tendency to add a pound when pressed.
Other studies have confirmed that the slim constitutional “resist” great weight, especially when eating fatty foods. Whatever the pounds they earn through nutrition that fades quickly as soon as natural food resumes.
After bouts of excessive feeding, the bodies generally get rid of weight. But as this graph shows, there is a variation in both responses for excessive nutrition and in returning to the “normal” body weight. (AD LIBITUM refers to a period in the experience when the participants eat what they want.)
This is in line with the current thinking. Many researchers believe that our bodies have a “specific point” in advance or “a specific group” to which they are trying to return. This is one of the reasons why a few food specialists can maintain the long -term weight. It slows the metabolism, burns fewer calories and makes weight easier, especially as soon as Dieter stops restricting calories. (The regime displays some flexibility, explaining the reason for putting many of us on inchs around our citizens over the years.
“Sleeping”
As a group, lean individuals may be heterogeneous like people with weight gain. Some may remain thin because they have a smaller appetite or feel full soon. Others consume many calories, such as heavy individuals. One study found that people are constitutionally thin Eat 300 calories more in the day more than metabolic needs. “They have a positive balance of energy and are still resisting weight gain,” says Bailey, one of the collaborators in Nutrilean, a project that focuses on the constitutional thinner, at the University of Clairemont Overgen in France.
Like people with obesity, thin people constitutionally face social shame. Thin men may feel out of satisfying notes. Skilled women often lament lack curves. People may suspect that they are hiding Eating disorders. Jeans Lund, after a doctorate in metabolic research at the Novo Nordsk Center for metabolic research at Copenhagen University, says. “These people feel that they cannot go to the toilet after a family dinner … because they are afraid that people will look at them as if they were going out, such as eating sick evil.”
The weight gain coach, Barnes, was never technically along the way in the constitutional category, but she witnessed a lot of these “slim shame” directly. Family members commented on their weight, but they rejected their tribulation. “I felt that I could never talk about it,” she says. “People will be like,” this is not a real problem, or “just take some weight from me.”
Where do calories go into a slim people constitutionally? The researchers began to eliminate possibilities.
The researchers learn that there are significant individual differences in how the body uses calories. (Heat formation is a metabolism in which calories are burned to generate heat.)
A 2021 twenty analysis provided some surprises. When Bailly and his colleagues collected data on the formation of the body of high people, they discovered an unexpected thing: constitutionally high individuals carry natural amounts of fat throughout their bodies. “It is really unusual to get this low weight in the body with a very natural fat mass,” says Bailey.
What seems to lack muscle mass. Constitutional slim people have less than-research has found that they have 20 percent smaller muscle fibers of ordinary people. Cheap people have decreased constitutionally Bones block.
These facts indicate that there are healthy costs of lean. Although there are no studies, Bailey suspects that with age, especially fine women, they may be at risk of osteoporosis, which is a serious weakness of the bone. Low muscle mass can also make daily tasks, such as opening jars or grocery, more heavy.
Julian Vernie, a physiological researcher at the metabolic laboratory in Clerem Soft Optirin and co -author Annual review of nutrition paper.
In addition to the differences in the formation of the body, the researchers speculate that the calories that delicate bodies set constitutionally. For example, some studies indicate this While fine individuals are practicing less, they fill more.
They may also exclude more calories than others. Although this has not been specially explored for lean people, it is known that some people lose up to 10 percent of the calories that were eaten via stools (and less, urine), compared to only 2 percent in others. In one study, The secretion of a woman 200 calories per day That is, equivalent to half a liter of soda.
The additional metabolism peculiarities of slim people may still be constitutional awaiting discovery. “We have recently found some evidence that might suggest more active activity of their fatty mass tissues,” says Bailey. “This is really surprising.” Other studies have already suggested that they have more than “brown fat”-the calories that generate the body temperature.
To find more specific answers, Lund plans to launch a study of internal patients at Copenhagen University. The study will use a metabolic room to track energy and expenses and all methods of energy loss – including stools, urine and exhaled gases – in constitutional slim people. Since 2020, the Lund team has collected a network of Danish who present themselves as normal, providing a unique gathering for future research.
Constitutional thinness, as the 1990 twin study showed, has a strong genetic component: Research has shown that 74 percent of very lean people have relatives with a similar place. The researchers also define genetic variables, they realize that many of these – with names such as ftoand Mc4r and Hunger2 – It also participates in operations that lead to obesity. Although they have not yet understood the details, scientists complain that people with constitutional thinness may have unique activity patterns in genes related to energy production.
One of these genes that caught the attention of researchers Alk (Anaplastic lymphoma). When scientists deleted this gene in mice, Animals have become resistant to weight gain When you feed on high-fat diets-even in mouse strains, hereditally vulnerable to obesity. the Alk The gene appears to be working in the brain, which then sends signals that affect the rate in which energy fat cells burn.
Lund says that understanding genetic mechanisms like this may lead to new treatments for both people with obesity and obesity in an unprecedented way. He says: “If you can find out what protects them from developing excess weight, then all this mechanism, then you can try to turn this into a drug,” he says. “There are a lot of signal particles in the body that we do not even know.” The dream is to find penetration like the latest obesity medications.
While researchers are looking for biological evidence, Bella Barnes travels in the complications of weight gain on its own. After years of experiment and error, I gradually gained about 40 lbs by combining strength training and delicate and deliberate eating. Initially, if you do not reach the calories today, you will get a package of cookies – anything to get numbers. But she found more balance over time. “Not all calories are the same. You want to eat whole foods,” she says. And many of them.
Today, Barnes trained more than a hundred women over their weight -weight techniques and has a strong TIKTOK; She says she is proud of the strong body she built.
“Maybe five other pounds,” she added. “It would make me happier.”
This article was originally appeared in Knowledge MagazineA non -profit publication for making scientific knowledge accessible to all. Subscribe to the newsletter of knowledge magazine.