Credit: Yale University.
Elizabeth’s accurate studies have been stabbed on fossil and vital mammals in the traditional view of development. Instead of the slow and continuous changes that are driven by natural selection, rapid extinction rings of species and their composition to disaster events in the environment have linked. It is famous as a strict contributor and the start of developing the theory of total development – the origin and the evolutionary fate of the types and higher groups. She died at the age of 82.
VRBA was born in Hamburg, Germany. After the death of her father, her family moved to a sheep farm in southwestern Africa (now Namibia) in 1944. She obtained a doctorate in zoology and biology at Cape Town University, South Africa, in 1974, with her research focused on fossil bovidat. In 1969, she started working at the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, where she rose to her deputy director from 1977 to 1986.
VRBA exploded on the world scientific stage at a meeting of the overall development in Chicago, Illinois, in 1980. Until then, it was not often known to old scientists. A provocative paper draft on how life evolves (Es VRBA S. AFR. J. Sci. 7661-84; 1980), Who was sent to at least one other researcher in the United States, pushed me-as a co-organizer-to her invitation to speak. As I put it, it was “armed with the brand of the backward balance here.”
The broken balance theory was suggested by me and Stephen Jay Gold in 1972. We argued that most species in the fossil registry are still unchanged for long periods, with sophisticated events that include a rapid change during which new types develop.
VRBA found a way to pressure visibility from arid lines from evolutionary plans in our understanding of evolutionary processes. Focusing on fossil antelopes, two evolutionary lineages varied. One, Impalas, has two types only two types in the past six years, since myosin. The other, the wilderness, Hartbests and others, contained at least 27 species at the same time.
Estella Bergere Leopold (1927-2024), the emotional environment world that follows the change of ecosystems
Impalas takes advantage of a wide range of environmental conditions, while the wild ratios contain many specialists in herbal lands. VRBA has argued that showing the position that the type can occupy leadership rates from both types and extinction, although the environment is the main force behind this development. The “effect of influence” has suggested that the directional trends in development are an accumulation of increasing specialization within the breeds of species designated for distress-a phenomenon that is later referred to as the sorting of species-and not demonstrations for the choice of species necessarily.
By the time when I addressed the total development meeting, the conference developed into a referendum on the interconnected balance – and soon became the star of the show. Science writer Roger Lewin highlighted her work, including two characters of the 1980 paper, along with Charles Darwin’s image, as illustrative tools in his five -page review of the event (science (R. Loine sciences 210883-887; 1980), Which he described as “one of the most important conferences on evolutionary biology for more than 30 years.”
“Exptation” is another original VRBA concept. Destruction is a feature that has been chosen to serve an additional job that has nothing to do with its development in the first place. For example, African black wings (EGRETTA ARDESIACIt is not used only to fly, but also to form an umbrella, throwing shadow on shallow water, where the fish tend to gather and be easy prey. This concept has acquired the imagination of many evolutionary biologists.