Today, new technologies today include smaller and smarter electronic devices than before. during The Middle Elds of Stonewhen Primitive Contemporary human neighbors, new technologies mean something completely different: new types of stone tools that were smaller but could be used in many tasks and lasted for a long time.
Archaeologists like me Interested in The Middle Elds of Stone – A period of 250,000 to 30,000 years ago – because it includes the first appearance of our types, and we reached many parts of the world for the first time, and our invention of many new types of stone tools.
In our study, I just published in the facts of the National Academy of Sciences, a team of international collaborators and me The class of our discovery in China One of the first full example of the Middle Elds of Stone Technology I had previously seen in Europe and the Middle East.
Archaeologists thought that the ancient people in East Asia Completely overcome the Middle Old Terine. Our discovery challenges the long -term idea that old people in Europe and Africa were inventing new tools during this period. People in East Asia only adhered to the basic tools that have been unchanged thousands of years ago.
Related to: The 150,000 -ages of stone tools reveal that humans lived in a tropical rain forests much earlier than he thought
Quina fishermen helped kill
The tool that we have identified is called Any scrape. This type of stone tool is well known from archaeological sites in Europe and The Middle East.
Quina detectors are usually very thick and unresponsor, with a wide and sharp edge that shows clear signs of use and reuse several times. This shape results in the edges of the durable pieces, which are ideal for long use sessions, followed by reinstallation.
People use QUINA scraps to scrape and cut soft materials, such as meat, animal leather, and solid medium materials, such as wood. We know this from Small scratches and chips on the scraps Those effects on the work of these materials in experiments using contemporary stone tools.
European archaeologists believe that Quina has been invented to meet high needs Mobile fishermen who live in cold and dry climates. These fishermen focused on the seasonal migrant prey, such as reindeer, giant deer, horse, and bisson. QUINA’s scraps could have helped them to treat their food and other resources killings – for example, to extract the marrow.
Our team, led Hao Li From the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research and Qijun Ruan from the Yunnan Province Institute for Cultural Archeology and Archeology, QUINA engraved and related stone tools from the archaeological site in southwestern China.
Our colleague Bo Lee At the University of Wongong used Optical shine dating methods On the layers of the floor that contains artifacts. This technique can determine the amount of time it has passed since every sand pill has been exposed to another individual exposed to the sun. The dating of many individual pills in a sample is important because the roots of trees, insects or other animals can mix the younger sediments to the elderly.
After we identified and remove the younger pills, we found that the layers containing artifacts range from 50,000 to 60,000 years. This is it Almost at the same time QUINA scraps in Europe were used on Neanderthal sites.
Killiang Zhao from the Institute of Excavations in China in China and the Old Science looked at pollen from long fossils. It was found that the middle of the Middle Elds in Longan lived in a relatively open environment of Grass’s forests in Grass in the forests, dry and cold climate. This environment is similar to that of Quina sites in Europe.
David Delpianoand Marco Perisani and Mary Helen MonselExperts in the ancient European Stone Tools joined our team to help compare Chinese and European samples and confirm their similarities.
Helen MonodFrom the Universidad Rovira I Virgili in Spain, we looked at our Quina’s scraps under a microscope and found traces of them from scratching, scratching and wood bones. The Polish also found the use of tools on meat, leather and soft plants.
Who lived in East Asia during this period?
Our new discovery of Quina Dackers joins another conversation of a different type of the Mediterranean Old Stone technology in East Asia: Levallois tools from Guaneyindong Cave In Gichu County, in southern central China. Levalois tools are produced from a distinctive multi -font sequence that efficiently produces many useful cutting tools, with minimal stone lost. Combating, these two hills provide a strong issue that the techniques of the Mediterranean Old Time were present in East Asia.
But why do we not only find this Quina tool group now, when it is known in Europe for a long time?
One of the reasons is that archaeologists are searching in Europe for a period longer than almost anywhere in the world. There is another reason for the analogous in the ancient Stone Age, which seems rare in East Asia is that what now seems to be less typical differences of the group of the previously existing Quina tools in China, probably due to the definitions of narrow archaeologists based on European examples.
Quina tools in Longtan are among the oldest artifacts of this site, making it difficult for researchers to determine the assets of this new technology. Did visitors come from Europe? Or is the local population in East Asia to invent it independently?
To answer these questions, we hope to find more Quina’s scraps in older -class – older – from Longtan. If the old layers carry what the remains of experiences in the manufacture of stone tools that may eventually lead to Quina tools, they indicate that Quina tools have been invented locally. If the deeper layers have different tools, this indicates that Quina technology has been presented from a neighboring group.
We also hope that future work will reveal those who made these tools. The fossils in Longtan did not find any human bone or DNA that can help us identify the tool makers.
During the Middle Age, there were many human species that could make tools like this. Modern humans could have been like us. But it could also be primitive human beings. Given that Quina technology in Europe is directly related to primitive clips, this appears to be possible. But it could have been Denisovan, a extinct species similar to the modern humans present during this time in Siberiathe Tibetanate and LoserOr even an unprecedented new human type.
Those who were making and using these Quina’s scraps have managed to be creative and flexible with their technology, and adapting to their changing environment.
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