How will the Romanian NASA mission reveal our home galaxy using cosmic dust

The NASA Telescope will help the Space Space of scientists better understand the components of the Milky Way than the least glamorous Galaxy – Gasa and dust filled between the stars, known as the medium between the stars.

One of the Roman main programs, called The Galactic Plane Survey, will look through our galaxy to a distant edge, where approximately 20 billion stars – four times more than now. Scientists will use data from these stars to study and draw the map on light, and contribute to the most complete image of the Milky Way, the formation of stars, and the origins of our solar system.

Catherine Zucker, an astronomical physicist at the Center for Astronomical Physics, said Harvard and Smithsonian in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Solving the ambiguity of the Milky Way

Scientists know how our galaxy is likely to search by combining the notes of the milky road and other spiral galaxies. But dust clouds make it difficult to determine the details on the other side of our galaxy. Imagine to try to appoint a neighborhood while looking through the windows of the house surrounded by a thick fog.

Roman will see through “fog” from dust using a specialized camera and filters that notice infrared light – lengths with wavelengths are longer than our eyes can discover. Infrared light is likely to pass through dust clouds without exciting.

Luxurious wavelength, including blue light resulting from stars, and more easily effects. This means that bright stars through dust look dim and more recent than they are already.

By comparing notes with information related to the characteristics of the source, astronomers can separate the star distance from the amount of its colors. The study of these effects reveals evidence about dust properties.

“I can ask,” what is the most red light and the Dimmer that Roman discovers with different wavelengths? “I can take this information and link it again to the characteristics of the dust pills themselves, especially its size,” said Brandon Hinsley, the scientist who studies dust among the stars in the NASA jet laboratory in southern California.

Scientists will also learn about the formation of dust and clouds to investigate the physical processes behind changing dust properties.

The clues in the light of the stars affected by dust indicate the amount of dust between us and the star. Together, assembly allows the results of many stars for astronomers to build detailed 3D dust maps. This would enable scientists like Zucker to create a model of the Milky Way, which will explain to us what it looks from the outside. Then scientists can better compare the milk method with other galaxies that we only notice from the outside, which leads to its division into a cosmic perspective of the development of the galaxy.

“Roman will add a completely new dimension to our understanding of the galaxy because we will see billions of billions and billions of stars,” Zucker said. “Once we notice the stars, we will also have dust data, because their effects are encrypted in every star discovers a romantic.”

Galaxy life courses

The means between the stars do more than a mill around the Milky Way – it stimulates the stars and the planet. The dense points of medium molecular clouds between stars, which can collapse gravity and start the early stages of the development of stars. Young stars come out hot winds that can cause dust surrounding the gathering in planetary building blocks.

“Dust carries a lot of information about our origins and how everything has become,” said Josh Beck, an astronomer and head of the Data Science Mission at the Baltimore Space Science Institute, Maryland. “Currently, we are mainly standing on a large large dust grain – Erith has been built from many and a lot of small grains that have grown together into a giant ball.”

Roman will define young stars in the new stars, as well as contribute to data on “stars factories” that were previously identified through missions such as NASA retired

Zucker said: “If you want to understand the formation of stars in different environments, you must understand the scene between the stars that swallows it.” “Roman will allow us to connect the 3D structure of the medium between the stars with the 3D distribution of young stars via the Galaxy disk.”

The new three -dimensional dust maps of Roman will improve our understanding of the spiral structure in the Milky Way, and a wheel -like pattern where stars, gas and dust fall like galaxy traffic jams. By combining speed data and dust maps, scientists will compare notes with predictions of models to help determine the cause of the spiral composition – is not clear at the present time.

The role that this spiral style plays in the formation of stars remains the same. Some theories indicate that the Hungarian crowding leads to the formation of stars, while others claim that these traffic jams collect materials, but they do not stimulate the birth of the stars.

Roman will help solve secrets such as these by providing more data on dusty areas through the entire Milky Way. This will enable scientists to compare many Hungarian environments and the study of stellar childbirth in specific structures, such as spiral weapons from Galaxy or their central stars.

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Astronomy community is currently in the final stages of planning to conduct a Romanian plane scan.

“Through the huge wiping of Roman for the galaxy, we will be able to get this deep technical understanding of our mountain,” Beck said.

After processing, Roman data will be available to the audience online via Nexus Research Research and Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes, each of which will provide open data for years to come.

“People who are not born yet, will be able to perform great analyzes of these data,” said Beck. “We have a beautiful piece of our heritage to deliver future generations and celebrate.”

Roman is scheduled to launch no later than May 2027, as the team works towards a possible early launch with the fall of 2026.