NANCA Roman Space Telescope will be a detection machine, thanks to its wide view and torrents of data. It is scheduled to be launched no later than 2027, as the team works at all early in the fall of 2026, close to infrared radiation A wide field tool It will capture more than 200 times more than the Hubble Space Telescope, with the same health and sensitivity. Roman devotes about 75 % of the time of science monitoring over its five -year primary mission to conduct three basic societal polls that have been cooperatively defined by the scientific community. One of these investigative studies will be achieved from the sky of things that emerge, flash, and change, such as the explosion of stars and the collision of neutron stars.
It is called this program, which is called the timeline of high pressure, outside the level of the Milky Way (i.e. high galaxy latitudes) to study things that change over time. The main goal of the survey is to discover tens of thousands of a certain type of explosive stars known as Write ia supernovae. These super layers can be used to study how to expand the universe over time.
“Roman was designed to find tens of thousands of IA species to larger distances than ever,” said Maso Saco of the University of Pennsylvania, who as a co -chair of the committee that identified the high time survey at the University of Pennsylvania. “Using it, we can measure the date of the expansion of the universe, which depends on the amount of dark matter and dark energy. In the end, we hope to understand more about the nature of the dark energy.”
Investigate dark energy
The type Ia supernovae is useful as cosmic investigations because astronomers know their essential shine, or its brightness by nature, at their peak. By comparing this with its observable brightness, scientists can determine the range that keeps them away from it. Roman will also be able to measure the speed of stay away from us. By tracking the speed in which you decline at different distances, scientists will track cosmic expansion over time.
Only Roman will be able to find the most faint and most distant supernatural dishes that illuminate early cosmic eras. Ground telescopes will complete like Vera C Robin Observatory In Chile, which is limited to absorption from the Earth’s atmosphere, among other effects. Robin’s largest power will be to find an extra plane that has occurred during the past five billion years. Roman will expand this group to early times in the history of the universe, about 3 billion years after the Big Bang, or up to 11 billion years in the past. This would double the size of the date of the expansion of the universe.
Recently, and Wiping dark energy I found hints that dark energy may be Weakness over timeInstead of being a fixed force for expansion. Roman investigations will be decisive to test this possibility.
Searching for strange phenomena
To detect transit objects, whose brightness changes over time, Romanian must reconsider the same fields at regular intervals. The survey of the high timeline will devote a total of 180 days to monitor time for these notes that spread over the period of five years. Most of them will happen over two years in the middle of the mission, with a review of the same fields once every five days, with an additional 15 days of notes early in the mission to create the foundation line.
“To find things that change, we use a technique called the image of the image,” said Saco. “You take a picture, and put a picture of the same piece of sky that was taken early – as soon as possible in the task. So you can remove everything that is fixed, and left new things.”
The survey will also include an extended component that would reconsider some monitoring fields almost every 120 days to search for things that change in the long term. This will help to discover the most distant transit that had been present long one billion years after the Big Bang. These organisms differ slowly due to the expansion of the time caused by the expansion of the universe.
“You are really benefiting from taking notes over five years of mission,” said Brad Cinco of the Goddard Space Center in Greenpeland, the other co -chair of the Survey Committee. “It allows you to capture these very rare and very long events that are difficult to obtain in any other way, but this tells us a lot about the circumstances in the early universe.”
This stretching component will collect data on some of the most active and longest transit, such as the tidal disruption events-when it destroys a super-star black hole star-or foretelling but invisible invisible known as the super-installation of the husband, where a huge star explodes without leaving behind neutron stars or a black hole.
Details of the survey
Swimming ups in a single lines will be divided into “levels” of photography-a wide layer that covers more space and deep lift that will focus on a smaller area for a longer period to detect lettuce objects. The wide layer, which is more than 18 square degrees, will target things within 7 billion years, or half the history of the universe. The deep layer, which covers an area of 6.5 square, will reach dims that were present 10 billion years ago. Notes will occur in two regions, one in the northern sky and one in the southern sky. There will also be Spectrum It is composed of this survey, which will be limited to the southern sky.
“We have a partnership with the earth Subaru ObservatoryAnd that will follow the spectral follow -up of the northern sky, while Roman will perform spectral analysis in the southern sky. “With the spectral analysis, we can know the confidence of the kind of the super layers that we see,” Cinco said.
Along with other basic community polls of Roman, surveying in the high region in the region and wiping galaxy galaxy in the timeline, wiping the highly legal timeline will help in appointing the universe clearly and deeply not achieved before.
The Nancy Grace Roman Space is managed at the Goddard Space Flight Center in NASA in Greenbelt, Maryland, with the participation of NASA’s jet laboratory in southern California; Caltech/IPAC in Pasadina, California; The Space Telescope Institute in Baltimore; And a scientific team includes scientists from the various research institutions. Basic industrial partners are BaE Systems, Inc. In Buldir, Colorado; L3Harris Technologies in Melbourne, Florida; The scientific tingyne and photography in a thousand Ox, California.
Written by Christine Polim
The Space Telescope Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.